–+kinship

=Australian Aboriginal kinship= From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The main element is the division of [|clans] within the same language group into //skin groups//, or [|moieties]. In its simplest form, clans are divided into two skin groups. There may be four divisions (see [|Martu]), while more complex systems can be divided into eight (see [|Pintupi] and below). The system dictates who may [|marry] whom – it is always [|taboo] to marry into your own skin group – creating strong [|incest] avoidance laws and strong bonds across [|clans] through [|exogamous] relations. While it can be determined at birth who will marry whom, [|love marriages] were not uncommon, so long as they were within the skin system. This system is invaluable, especially during [|drought] or lack of resources, having [|cousins] and skin sisters and brothers in other clans. It also creates obligations to care for those people in their time of need. Even in [|traditional ball games], teams were divided along these lines. Each skin group has certain [|totems] associated with it. Some Aboriginal groups, such as the [|Yolngu], include plants, animals and all aspects of the environment, as part of their respective skin groups. A person of the same group eg. skin, of the same generation, is called "brother" or "sister". There are names for maternal aunts and uncles and different names for paternal aunts and uncles. Additionally, there are strong [|avoidance relationships] that need to be observed based on this system.
 * Australian Aboriginal** [|**kinship**] is the system of [|law] governing social interaction, particularly [|marriage], in traditional Aboriginal culture. It is an integral part of the culture of every [|Aboriginal group] across Australia.

Some common kinship terms

//Aunty// and //uncle// are used as terms of address for older people, to whom the speaker may not be related. //Brother// and //sister// include close relatives of the same generation, not just siblings. //Cousin// includes any relative of one's own generation. The combinations //cousin-brother// and //cousin-sister// are used to refer to biological cousins. In south-east Queensland, //daughter// is used to refer to any woman of one's great-grandparents' generation. This is due to the cyclical nature of traditional kinship systems. //Father// and //mother// include any relative of one's parents' generation, such as uncles, aunts, and in-laws. //Grandfather// and //grandmother// can refer to anyone of one's grandparents' generation. //Grandfather// can also refer to any respected elderly man, to whom the speaker may not be related. //Poison// refers to a relation one is obligated to avoid. See [|//Mother-in-law language//]. The term //second//, or //little bit// in northern Australia, is used with a distant relative who is described using a close kinship term. For example, one's //second fathers// or //little bit fathers// are men of one's father's generation not closely related to the speaker. It is contrasted with //close//, //near// or //true//. A //skin// or //skin group// are sections which are determined by the skin of a person's parents, and determine who a person is eligible to marry. //Son// can refer to any male of the next generation, such as nephews. The skin group classification is [|cyclical] in nature, changing with each [|generation]. Non-Aboriginal people are often confounded to hear Aborigines refer to their great-[|grandmother] as their [|daughter], or their great-[|grandaughter] as their mother. They are actually referring to the fact that those relatives are in the same skin group, as well as acknowledging the cyclical nature of the system. For traditionally oriented Aborigines, this system is a major foundation of their existence and way of viewing the world. As such, if a non-Aboriginal person is around their culture for any extended period, they must be [|adopted]. This is not strictly adoption in the Western sense, but the assignment of a skin name so that that individual has a skin group and may interact with people in the "proper way"; knowing whom to [|avoid], whom to call sister, etc. Many Aboriginal groups, particularly in the southeast of Australia, have lost this knowledge due to their [|forced removal] to [|missions] and [|children's homes], where many language groups mixed with each other, and Aboriginal language and cultural practice was forbidden.[|surgery squad games online]

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